The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, Second Edition by Mohsen M. Milani

Author:Mohsen M. Milani [Milani, Mohsen M.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Politics, Middle Eastern, Social Science, Political Science, World, History, Regional Studies
ISBN: 9780429963001
Google: Tf7EDwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 39203012
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 1987-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. Amnesty International, Annual Report 1974–75 (Geneva, 1975). Also see International Commission of Jurists, Human Rights and the Legal System in Iran (Geneva, 1976), pp. 1–72.

2. Sandy Vogelgesang, American Dream, Global Nightmare (New York, 1980); and A. H. Robertson, Human Rights in the World (New York, 1982).

3. Vogelgesang (1980), p. 128.

4. Ibid., p. 125.

5. Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith (New York, 1983), p. 143.

6. The situation in Iran and Nicaragua in the late 1970s had striking similarities. See William M. Leogrande, “The United States and the Nicaraguan Revolution,” in Thomas Walker, ed., Nicaragua in Revolution (New York, 1982), p. 65.

7. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Power and Principle (New York, 1983), p. 355.

8. Even before Carter’s presidency, some doubts were expressed by some Americans about the benefits of U.S. relations with Iran (Robert L. Paarlberg, “The Advantageous Alliance: U.S. Relations with Iran, 1920–1975,” in R. L. Paarlberg et al, eds., Diplomatic Dispute: U.S. Conflict With Iran, Japan and Mexico (Boston, 1978).

9. Asnad-e Lane-ye Jasusi (Documents of the Spy Nest), vol. 12 (Teheran, 1981), p. 20; January 11, 1978, “Ambassador’s Goals and Objectives in Iran,” from the American Embassy in Teheran (hereafter AET) to the State Department in Washington (hereafter SDW), prepared by William Sullivan. The Asnad were released by the Students Following the Imam’s Line subsequent to the takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Teheran in November 1979. It is clear that not all captured documents were released. They are selective but do not appear inaccurate.

10. Richard W. Cottam, “Arms Sales and Human Rights: The Case of Iran,” in P. Brown and D. Maclean, eds., Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy (Lexington, Mass., 1979), pp. 281–301.

11. For a critical analysis of Carter’s human rights, see J. Kirkpatrick, “Dictatorships and Double Standards,” Commentary, 68, 79 (November 1979), pp. 34–45; and Richard Sale, “Carter and Iran: From Idealism to Disaster,” Washington Quarterly, 3 (Summer 1980), pp. 75–87.

12. For the list of officials in both camps, see Michael Ledeen and William Lewis, Debacle: The American Failure in Iran (New York, 1982), pp. 68–70.

13. Ibid., p. 155.

14. Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices: Critical Years in Americas Foreign Policy (New York, 1983), p. 319.

15. Ledeen and Lewis (1982), p. 75.

16. U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Human Rights in Iran: Hearing Before the Sub-Committee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, 95th Congress, Washington, D.C., October 26, 1977.

17. See, for example, Barry Rubin, “Carter, Human Rights, and U.S. Allies,” in B. Rubin and Elizabeth Spiro, eds., Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy (Boulder, Colo., 1979)? pp. 109–132.

18. Quoted by Mehdi Bazargan, Enqelab-e Iran Dau Du Harekat (The Iranian Revolution in Two Strokes) (Teheran, 1984), p. 26.

19. Asnad, vol. 8, July 25, 1977, p. 178; “Straws in the Wind: Intellectuals and Religious Opposition in Iran,” from AET to SDW, prepared by William Sullivan.

20. For the text of the letter see Bakhtiyar Sio Haft Ruz Pas Az Sio Haft Sal (Thirty-Seven Days after Thirty-Seven Years) (Paris, 1981), pp. 140–142.

21. The Association of American Publishers urged Prime Minister Hoveyda to reactivate the banned Writer’s Association (New York Times, August 5, 1977).

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